2019 - Jallianwala Bagh Massacre | Commemorative Coin

The 3rd commemorative coin of 2019 was released to commiserate the 100 years of the historical Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre remains one of the most tragic and defining moments in India’s freedom struggle, a stark reminder of the brutality of colonial rule and the unbreakable spirit of a people determined to reclaim their dignity and freedom. The incident took place on 13 April 1919, a day that coincided with Baisakhi, when hundreds of men, women, and children had gathered peacefully at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. Many were there to celebrate the festival, while others assembled to register their protest against the repressive Rowlatt Act, a law that allowed colonial authorities to detain individuals without trial.

Without warning, Brigadier General Reginald Dyer arrived at the enclosed ground with armed soldiers and blocked the narrow entrance. In a shocking act devoid of humanity, Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on the unarmed crowd. The firing continued until ammunition was exhausted, resulting in the death of hundreds and injuring countless more. People had no escape, as the high walls and restricted exits trapped them inside the compound. Some jumped into the well within the Bagh in a desperate attempt to survive, but even that offered no safety from the relentless bullets.

News of the massacre spread quickly, sending shockwaves across the country. It ignited an unprecedented wave of grief, anger, and national awakening. The event proved to be a turning point in India’s struggle for independence, transforming the movement from petitions and appeals to a more widespread, determined resistance. Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, who had previously supported cooperation with the British through the Home Rule model, were compelled to reassess their faith in colonial justice. The massacre strengthened the resolve for complete independence—Purna Swaraj—rather than incremental reforms.

The aftermath saw widespread condemnation, both in India and abroad. Although the Hunter Commission was appointed to investigate the incident, many felt that justice was never truly served, as Dyer escaped meaningful punishment. Yet, the profound impact of Jallianwala Bagh endured. It united Indians across regions and communities, reinforcing the belief that freedom was the only path forward.

Today, the site stands as a national memorial, preserving the memory of the innocent lives lost and the irreversible change it brought to the independence movement. The preserved bullet marks and the Martyrs’ Well serve as powerful reminders of the sacrifices that paved the way for a free India. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre continues to inspire generations, urging them to cherish the hard-won freedom and remain committed to justice, humanity, and democratic values.

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