The Bharatiya Rupee: Symbolism, Law, and Identity

In a development rich with historical and cultural significance, the Republic of India is reportedly exploring the possibility of renaming itself as the Republic of Bharat and redesignating its currency from the “Indian Rupee” to the “Bharatiya Rupee.” 

The topic has gained substantial national attention, with widespread coverage in mainstream media and intense discussions across social networking platforms. The debate gained momentum after invitations for the G20 dinner on September 9, 2023, were issued under the title “President of Bharat,” instead of the customary “President of India,” sparking renewed public curiosity and enthusiasm.

Recently, numismatist Mr. Prem Pues Kumar shared that “all banknotes and coins will soon feature the name Bharat.” However, it is essential to clarify that both banknotes and coins already carry the inscriptions “Bharat” and “India.” Indian banknotes feature “Bharatiya Reserve Bank” in Devanagari alongside “Reserve Bank of India” in English, while coins display “Bharat” in Devanagari and “India” in English. 

Notably, the commemorative coins and the official logo released under India’s G20 Presidency also include both names, underscoring the dual identity already present in the nation’s currency system.

The foundation for this dual nomenclature lies in Article 1 of the Constitution of India, which states: “India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.” This constitutional provision affirms that “India” is the official name of the nation, while “Bharat” is its traditional and equally recognized appellation. It also emphasizes the federal structure of the country, defining it as a Union of States with power shared between the central government and individual states.

The conversation around renaming the currency from the “Indian Rupee” to the “Bharatiya Rupee” has periodically emerged in the 21st century as part of broader efforts to reconnect with India’s cultural heritage and linguistic diversity. Supporters of the proposal view it as a step toward honouring the civilizational identity of “Bharat,” moving beyond colonial-era nomenclature and embracing terminology rooted in indigenous history.

Any formal transition, however, would involve a meticulous and multi-layered process. Renaming the currency would require legislative action, potential constitutional amendments, and extensive logistical and administrative adjustments. If implemented, the transition would likely be phased, allowing both names to coexist for a period to ensure continuity and prevent disruption.

Should the change eventually take effect, the shift from the “Indian Rupee” to the “Bharatiya Rupee” would represent more than a modification of currency—it would symbolize a profound moment in the nation’s ongoing journey toward reaffirming its cultural identity and embracing the timeless essence of “Bharat.”