1999 - Supreme Court of India | Commemorative Coin
The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority in the country and serves as the apex court of the Indian legal system. It was established on January 28, 1950, following the adoption of the Indian Constitution. The Supreme Court is located in New Delhi and is vested with the power of judicial review to ensure the constitutionality of laws and executive actions.
As the apex constitutional court, the Supreme Court of India assumes a multifaceted role, predominantly addressing appeals against verdicts from various High Courts and tribunals. In its capacity as an advisory court, it considers matters referred by the President of India. Operating within the scope of judicial review, the court possesses the authority to invalidate both ordinary laws and constitutional amendments that contravene the Basic Structure doctrine. Its primary responsibilities include safeguarding the fundamental rights of citizens and adjudicating legal disputes between the central government and state governments.
Decisions rendered by the Supreme Court are not only binding on other Indian courts but also carry legal weight over both the union and state governments. Article 142 of the Constitution confers upon the court inherent jurisdiction, allowing it to issue orders deemed necessary in the pursuit of complete justice, and these orders become obligatory for the President to enforce. Serving as the highest court of appeal, the Supreme Court replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council on January 28, 1950, just two days after India was declared a republic.
Endowed with extensive authority by the Indian Constitution, the Supreme Court holds the power to initiate actions and exercises appellate jurisdiction over all other courts in the country, including the ability to review constitutional amendments. This grants India's Supreme Court a reputation as one of the most potent supreme courts globally, possessing substantial influence and significance.
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